Michigan Solar: Inflow, Outflow and a 110% Size Cap
Written by Dean Mahmoud, CEO, and checked by Trevor Guilday, founder.Prices from the September 2026 Cost Index. Utility credits read September 29 to October 1, 2026. Updated October 19, 2026.
A typical Michigan home system is 6.63 kW and costs about $20,487 in cash at $3.09 per watt. Simple payback before incentives is about 15.1 years, both across Michigan and at DTE, the largest utility: power you use saves your full price, about 21.05¢ on average, but power you send out earns an outflow credit, 8.709¢ at DTE off-peak.
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Inflow and outflow: the two prices behind a Michigan payback
Michigan closed net metering to new systems. Under the Distributed Generation Program, one meter counts power coming in (inflow) and power going out (outflow) separately, and they are worth very different amounts.
Power you use as it is made about 21.05¢
Your home uses it the moment the panels make it.
You never buy it, so you save both supply and delivery.
At DTE off-peak that is 8.709¢ plus 9.726¢ delivery: 18.435¢ before surcharges.
Outflow you send to the grid 5.6¢ to 15.1904¢
Every kWh that leaves your home counts as outflow.
It earns a credit for the power supply part only, not delivery.
At night you buy inflow back at your full price.
Typical 6.63 kW system, $20,487 cash, simple payback before incentives
Case
Power used at home
Outflow credits
Yearly saving
Simple payback
DTE, 10.81¢ average outflow credit (Rider 18, rate D1.11), 51% used at home
$894
$464
$1,359
15.1 years
Great Lakes Energy, 5.6¢ credit (earlier basis: 21.05¢ state average, 40% used at home, after $199 upkeep)
$737
$294
$832
24.6 years
Swipe the table sideways to see every column.
The DTE figure comes from our per-utility payback file and matches Michigan’s figure across six utilities, 15.1 years. Great Lakes Energy has no figure in that file yet, so its row keeps our earlier basis and is not a like-for-like match.
How we calculated this
Output: 6.63 kW × 1,320 kWh per kW = 8,752 kWh a year.
DTE split: 51% used at home as it is made (4,457 kWh) and 49% sent out (4,295 kWh), DTE’s export share from EIA data.
Price for home use: DTE’s EIA 12-month price, 21.67¢, less the $10.00 a month in fixed charges ($8.50 service charge and $1.50 low-income assistance charge), works out to 20.06¢.
Outflow credit: 10.81¢, DTE’s credits weighted by when panels make power, plus the monthly fuel adjustment (PSCR) for October 2025 to September 2026. The adjustment ran from 0.250¢ (October 2025) to 1.877¢ (March 2026).
DTE savings: 4,457 kWh × 20.06¢ = $894, plus 4,295 kWh × 10.81¢ = $464, a yearly saving of $1,359. Payback: $20,487 ÷ $1,359 = 15.1 years. These figures count no upkeep and no price rises, and no financing or panel aging.
Great Lakes Energy, earlier basis: 3,501 kWh used at home × 21.05¢ = $737, plus 5,251 kWh sent out × 5.6¢ = $294, less $198.90 upkeep ($30 per kW a year) = $832. Payback: $20,487 ÷ $832 = 24.6 years. 21.05¢ is the EIA state average, and a Great Lakes Energy home may pay a different price.
DTE, Consumers Energy, Lansing BWL or Great Lakes Energy: what your outflow earns
The name at the top of your electric bill sets the credit for every kWh you send out. The two big utilities follow the state program; co-ops and city utilities write their own terms.
DTE Electric
8.709¢ per kWh sent out, off-peak
Rider 18 on rate D1.11, from March 5, 2026. Weekdays 3 to 7 p.m.: 14.407¢ June to September, 10.319¢ October to May. Serves Detroit and southeast Michigan.
Next: ask for savings priced at the outflow credit, not your full rate.
Consumers Energy
8.2996¢ per kWh sent out, October to May
Rate RSP, from May 1, 2026, confirmed on the rate sheet October 18, 2026. June to September: 15.1904¢ in on-peak hours (2 to 7 p.m. weekdays), 10.397¢ at other times. The monthly fuel adjustment is added. Serves Grand Rapids, Flint, Kalamazoo and much of the Lower Peninsula.
Next: ask for savings priced at these credits, not your full rate.
A co-op or city utility
Its own rules
Lansing Board of Water & Light credits 7.5¢. Great Lakes Energy credits 5.6¢ for 10 years, on systems up to 20 kW. Other co-ops and city utilities set their own terms.
Next: get the credit, and whether unused credit carries over, in writing.
Outflow credit for a new home system, before the monthly fuel adjustment
Utility and plan
When the power goes out
Credit per kWh
DTE, rate D1.11
Weekdays 3 to 7 p.m., June to September
14.407¢
DTE, rate D1.11
Weekdays 3 to 7 p.m., October to May
10.319¢
DTE, rate D1.11
All other hours
8.709¢
Consumers Energy, rate RSP
On-peak hours, June to September
15.1904¢
Consumers Energy, rate RSP
Other hours, June to September
10.397¢
Consumers Energy, rate RSP
October to May
8.2996¢
Lansing BWL
Any time
7.5¢
Great Lakes Energy, Buy-All / Sell-All
All the power you make, 20-year agreement
6.5¢
Great Lakes Energy
Extra power, 10-year agreement, up to 20 kW
5.6¢
Swipe the table sideways to see every column.
What Michigan outflow credits can pay, and one DTE wrinkle
Since February 27, 2024, credits at DTE and Consumers Energy can pay every charge on your bill except securitization charges, a small line that repays utility bonds. Unused credits move to the next month. DTE says its credits do not expire and cannot be cashed out while you stay in the program. A small monthly fuel adjustment (the PSCR factor) raises or lowers each credit.
DTE gives no credit for power a battery sends to the grid. One sentence in DTE’s tariff still says credits do not pay delivery charges, while its letter to solar customers says they do; if your first solar bill does not match the letter, ask DTE. At Great Lakes Energy the credit lowers the energy charge, not the fixed monthly charge. Indiana Michigan Power, Upper Peninsula Power, Upper Michigan Energy Resources, Alpena Power and Xcel Energy run the same state program, each with its own credit.
Michigan’s 110% rule: your past 12 months of use cap the system
Each extra panel past your daytime use sends more power out at the outflow credit. Michigan also caps how big a system on the state program may be.
110%Size limit
A system may make no more than 110% of the power you used in the past 12 months, and no more than 550 kW.
$50Application fee
At DTE and Consumers Energy, filed with the request to connect, before the install.
10%Room in the program
First come, first served up to 10% of each utility’s peak load. An October 2025 state report found no utility had reached it.
10 yearsOlder net metering
Homes that joined before it closed keep it for up to 10 years from enrollment: closed May 9, 2019 at DTE, January 1, 2021 at Consumers Energy.
A Consumers Energy system above the size limit goes to the Simple Renewable Program, which pays a flat 6.1¢. At DTE, the first bill on Rider 18 can take one to two billing cycles after final approval.
Michigan solar prices at $3.09 per watt, $0.20 above the US average
The September 2026 benchmark, $0.20 above the US average. These are modeled cash prices, not quotes we collected.
Cash price and power made by system size
System size
Power made a year
Cash at $3.09 per watt
5 kW
6,600 kWh
$15,450
6.63 kW (typical)
8,752 kWh
$20,487
8 kW
10,560 kWh
$24,720
10 kW
13,200 kWh
$30,900
How we got these numbers
6.63 kW is the median size Michigan homeowners installed in 2025 (Berkeley Lab, 499 systems). Size yours to your own 12 months of use.
Output uses the Cost Index figure of 1,320 kWh per kW a year. Shade lowers it.
A system you own gets no federal tax credit after December 31, 2025.
Michigan’s property tax rule, Lansing’s rebate and Michigan Saves loans
No statewide rebate lowers the price. Michigan helps through your tax assessment, one city utility’s rebate and a nonprofit loan.
$0Added property tax while you own
The value solar adds stays out of your assessment until you sell. Systems of 150 kW or less that make no more than the home uses. Nothing to file.
$2,000Lansing BWL rebate
$500 per kW, up to $2,000. Board of Water & Light customers only, while money lasts.
5.99%Michigan Saves loan
Lowest posted rate. $1,000 to $75,000, up to 180 months, through credit unions.
$0Federal tax credit
Not for a system you own placed in service after December 31, 2025.
Ways to pay for solar in Michigan
Way to pay
Who owns the panels
Michigan point to check
Cash
You
The property tax rule applies; outside Lansing no rebate lowers the price
Loan
You
Michigan Saves needs an authorized contractor; compare the financed total with cash
Lease
The company
The property tax rule covers leased systems too; BWL’s rebate form asks for a purchase invoice
Swipe the table sideways to see every column.
Michigan offers that are not what they sound like
The property tax rule is a delay: after a sale, the assessor may add the system’s value for the new owner. You can report the system on Form 865, but you do not have to.
MI Solar for All: the state marks it paused after a federal termination letter dated August 7, 2025. It was still paused when we checked.
A Michigan income tax credit for solar: we found none to count on. Ask a tax professional or the Michigan Department of Treasury.
Michigan Saves: a loan, not free money. Your own rate depends on your credit.
Michigan solar installers checked against the state license registry
Three companies on our Michigan list, A to Z, not ranked. Facts from their own sites and the Michigan licensing registry (LARA), read October 13 and 14, 2026.
Homeland Solar
Office
Ann Arbor, MI
Michigan license
Electrical contractor 6108312, active October 13, 2026
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Michigan Solar FAQs
Does Michigan still have net metering?
Not for new systems. DTE closed it on May 9, 2019 and Consumers Energy on January 1, 2021. New systems join the Distributed Generation Program: power you use saves the full price, and power you send out earns an outflow credit. Homes on net metering keep it for up to 10 years from enrollment.
Will solar raise my Michigan property tax?
Not while you own the home. Under MCL 211.27(2)(p), the assessor may not count the value a home system adds until the property is sold. The system must be 150 kW or less and make no more power in a year than the home uses. You do not have to apply.
Can my HOA stop me from installing solar?
No. Since April 2, 2025, an HOA rule that bans solar, or has that effect, is void. Send a written application; the HOA must approve or deny it within 30 days, and if it does neither, you may install.
Does DTE credit power my battery sends to the grid?
No. DTE gives no outflow credit for power a battery sends to the grid. A battery can still store daytime solar for your own evening use.
Can I get free panels through MI Solar for All?
Not now. The state marks MI Solar for All as paused after a federal termination letter dated August 7, 2025, and it was still paused when we checked. Be wary of anyone who says the panels come through it.
Rate sheets, statutes and the people behind this Michigan guide
Sources (20 documents, each with the date we read it)
Consumers Energy Electric Rate BookRSP outflow credits effective May 1, 2026 (Eighth Revised Sheet C-64.30); Simple Renewable Program 6.1¢. Re-checked October 18, 2026.